Creating a WAN Diagram

Making a WAN Diagram BY: JAN AVIT MICOLH MATUGAS Making WAN Diagram a) Create a WAN chart specifying and marking all parts of a WAN system as indicated by the situation (arrange gadgets, PCs and servers designs). Each branch must have their own IP extend. Figure 1 Actual Diagram of Wellington being associated with its all branches Figure 2. Real Diagram of Wellington Main Office Figure 3. Real Diagram of Napier and Christchurch Figure 4. Real Diagram of Auckland and Tauranga b) Write down the IP address go for all branches. 1. Wellington 192.110.2.1/24 2. Napier 192.90.1.2/24 3. Christchurch 192.117.3.1/24 4. Auckland 122.13.58.4/24 5. Tauranga 192.168.14.0/24 c) List down the parts utilized in the system you have made with their design, isolated by branch: Â Part Arrangement Wellington 52 PC HP Z240 SFF i5-6500 3.2GHz 8GB DDR4 1TB Win7Pro 8 Servers Intel seventh Gen Core i7 7700 3.6Ghz Quad Core/16 GB DDR4 RAM 4 Routers Netgear Orbi RBK50 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi System, Orbi Router + Orbi Satellite, Tri-Band AC3000, 4 x Gigabit LAN, 4 Switches Ubiquiti UniFi Switch US-8-150W, 8-Port Gigabit Managed PoE+ Switch, with 8 x PoE/PoE+ (Max 150W) and 2 x SFP Rackmountable, Fanless, Passive 24V 802.3af/at Napier 8 PC HP Z240 SFF i5-6500 3.2GHz 8GB DDR4 1TB Win7Pro 2 Router Netgear Orbi RBK50 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi System, Orbi Router + Orbi Satellite, Tri-Band AC3000, 4 x Gigabit LAN, 2 Switch Ubiquiti UniFi Switch US-8-150W, 8-Port Gigabit Managed PoE+ Switch, with 8 x PoE/PoE+ (Max 150W) and 2 x SFP Rackmountable, Fanless, Passive 24V 802.3af/at Chirstchurch 5 PC HP Z240 SFF i5-6500 3.2GHz 8GB DDR4 1TB Win7Pro Switch Netgear Orbi RBK50 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi System, Orbi Router + Orbi Satellite, Tri-Band AC3000, 4 x Gigabit LAN, Switch Ubiquiti UniFi Switch US-8-150W, 8-Port Gigabit Managed PoE+ Switch, with 8 x PoE/PoE+ (Max 150W) and 2 x SFP Rackmountable, Fanless, Passive 24V 802.3af/at UTP link Cat45 Auckland 18 PC HP Z240 SFF i5-6500 3.2GHz 8GB DDR4 1TB Win7Pro Switch Netgear Orbi RBK50 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi System, Orbi Router + Orbi Satellite, Tri-Band AC3000, 4 x Gigabit LAN, Switch Ubiquiti UniFi Switch US-8-150W, 8-Port Gigabit Managed PoE+ Switch, with 8 x PoE/PoE+ (Max 150W) and 2 x SFP Rackmountable, Fanless, Passive 24V 802.3af/at Tauranga 4 PC HP Z240 SFF i5-6500 3.2GHz 8GB DDR4 1TB Win7Pro 2 Routers Netgear Orbi RBK50 MU-MIMO Wi-Fi System, Orbi Router + Orbi Satellite, Tri-Band AC3000, 4 x Gigabit LAN, 2 Switches Ubiquiti UniFi Switch US-8-150W, 8-Port Gigabit Managed PoE+ Switch, with 8 x PoE/PoE+ (Max 150W) and 2 x SFP Rackmountable, Fanless, Passive 24V 802.3af/at 2 Servers Intel seventh Gen Core i7 7700 3.6Ghz Quad Core/16 GB DDR4 RAM d) Explain the WAN graph regarding how the branches arrange are associated and legitimize your pick of system gadgets and parts for each branch. As I watched, the vast majority of the association is being finished by the VPN associations. Like Napier and Christchurch, they are furnished with switch to-switch VPN associations. Through this, its simple to associate from branch to primary office. Additionally with the Auckland and Tauranga they are likewise utilizing VPN that can remain associated every minute of every day daily. It is likewise outfitted with T1 association that permits them to have a smooth change understanding. For me the most significant gadget is the Router. Through this all the associations of all branches is conceivable (Intranet and Extranet VPN Business Scenarios, 2007). e) Provide a situation clarifying how a branch will associate with the organization principle office. This organization is now growing. Indeed it has effectively 4 branches the nation over. So for this the organization will ensure that all representatives can approach all system assets that they need so as to play out their activity viably. With this, it is significant additionally to guarantee the security of making the way on how you associate it. By the utilization of webpage to-website VPN, it will make a way called burrow between two locales through web. This will permit the branches to get to the record servers at the primary office. The information being move are totally embodied so youre both ensured as you send and get information. f) Provide a situation clarifying how a colleague will get to the extranet. The colleague is one of the most significant parts in any association. We should mind and give great correspondences to make a decent bond. So as to get this going, the Main office and the colleague ought to be associated through a safe IPSec burrow (VPN), at that point permitting the colleague to get to the Main workplaces document server to play out their different undertakings, such as refreshing and observing the item stocks (Intranet and Extranet VPN Business Scenarios, 2007). Utilizing the chart that you made previously, answer the accompanying inquiries a) Create a directing table for each branch if material. This directing table is from Christchurch branch, where it has 5 PC. Goal Subnet Mask Passage Interface Metric Convention 192.117.3.2 255.255.255.0 192.117.3.1 Neighborhood 1 Nearby 192.117.3.3 255.255.255.0 192.117.3.1 Neighborhood 1 Nearby 192.117.3.4 255.255.255.0 192.117.3.1 Neighborhood 1 Nearby 192.117.3.5 255.255.255.0 192.117.3.1 Neighborhood 1 Nearby 192.117.3.6 255.255.255.0 192.117.3.1 Neighborhood 1 Nearby b) Which convention or conventions ought to be utilized to guarantee the directing tables are right and working. There are 3 kinds of Routing Protocols Static Default Dynamic Static This kind of convention is being done my manual designs. Every goal is completely designed physically, such as arranging the known goal and subnet cover. Default In this convention, the principle highlight is to send bundles into obscure system goal. (Not in directing table) and it has additionally one leave port. Dynamic This convention cooks all the highlights that capable find and update directing tables on switches. This is proficient to utilize in light of the fact that it will legitimately interface every single known system and send/get information between two switches. I pick the Dynamic convention, in light of the fact that as should be obvious it is stuffed with all the great highlights that extremely valuable and helpful to utilize. In this convention you can spare additional time and resources(Academy, 2014). References: Foundation, C. N. (2014, March 24). Cisco Networking Academys Introduction to Routing Dynamically. Recovered from http://www.ciscopress.com: http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210seqNum=7 Foundation, C. N. (2014, March 24). Cisco Networking Academys Introduction to Routing Dynamically. Recovered from http://www.ciscopress.com: http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210seqNum=7 Intranet and Extranet VPN Business Scenarios. (2007, August 3). Recovered from http://www.cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/vpn_modules/misc/Archive_-6342/6342cmbo.html#wp1057569 Foundation, C. N. (2014, March 24). Cisco Networking Academys Introduction to Routing Dynamically. Recovered from http://www.ciscopress.com: http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2180210seqNum=7 Intranet and Extranet VPN Business Scenarios. (2007, August 3). Recovered from http://www.cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/vpn_modules/misc/Archive_-6342/6342cmbo.html#wp1057569 Intranet and Extranet VPN Business Scenarios. (2007, August 3). Recovered from http://www.cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/security/vpn_modules/misc/Archive_-6342/6342cmbo.html#wp1064626

Newtons Method :: Newton-Raphson Method

Discovering underlying foundations of a capacity is frequently an assignment which faces mathematicians. For basic capacities, for example, direct ones, the errand is basic. At the point when capacities become progressively mind boggling, for example, with cubic and quadratic capacities, mathematicians call upon increasingly tangled strategies for discovering roots. For some capacities, there exist equations which permit us to discover roots. The most widely recognized such recipe is, maybe, the quadratic equation. At the point when capacities arrive at a level of five and higher, an advantageous, root-discovering recipe stops to exist. Newton’s strategy is an instrument used to discover the underlying foundations of about any condition. In contrast to the cubic and quadratic conditions, Newton’s strategy †all the more precisely, the Newton-Raphson Method †can assist with discovering underlying foundations of about a capacity, including every polynomial capaci ty.      Newton’s strategy utilize subordinate math to discover the underlying foundations of a capacity or connection by first taking an estimation and afterward improving the precision of that guess until the root is found. The thought behind the strategy is as per the following. Given a point, P(Xn,Yn), on a bend, a line digression to the bend at P crosses the X pivot at a point whose X arrange is nearer to the root than Xn. This X facilitate, we will call Xn+1. Rehashing this procedure utilizing Xn+1 instead of Xn will restore another Xn+1 which will be nearer to the root. In the long run, our Xn will rise to our Xn+1. At the point when this is the situation, we have discovered a base of the condition. This technique might be pointlessly mind boggling when we are explaining a quadratic or cubic condition. Be that as it may, the Newton-Raphson Method makes up for its unpredictability in its broadness. The accompanying models show the adaptability of the Newton Raphson Method.      Example 1 is a straightforward quadratic capacity. The most functional way to deal with finding the foundations of this condition is utilize the quadratic condition or to factor the polynomial. Be that as it may, the Nowton-Raphson technique despite everything works and permits us to discover the foundations of the condition. The underlying number, Xn, 3, is a moderately poor estimate. The decision of 3 outlines that the underlying conjecture can be any number. Be that as it may, as the underlying estimation intensifies, the computation turns out to be progressively relentless.      Example 2 shows one of the points of interest to Newton’s technique. Capacity 2 is a Quintic work. Mathematician, Niels Henrik Abels demonstrated that there exists no advantageous condition, for example, the cubic condition, which can assist us with finding the function’s roots.

How to Kill Time in College

How to Kill Time in College 8 Ways to Kill Time in College Home›Education Posts›8 Ways to Kill Time in College Education PostsWhile in college, students have either too little or too much free time. They can study 24 hours a day or do not know how to kill time. Of course, when you have free time, you can do all what you want, however, there are situations when you do not know how to waste time. Thus, QualityCustomEssays.com offers 8 ways on how to kill time in college:• Go shopping. Make a shopping list in order not to forget to buy any of the items you need.• Update your track list. Find some new music so that you can upload it and listen to your favorite songs.• Clean your room. If you have free time, cleaning of your room is the best option. As quite often, students do not keep their rooms clean and tidy. You can also rearrange your room and decorate it.• Do your homework. While in college, one of the best ways to spend free time is to do your homework. Start doing assignments which were given t o you earlier. You will benefit as you will meet the deadline for sure.• Watch a movie, TV show or series. It is the most easy and pleasant way to spend time. Watching some interesting movies or your favorite series is the best time-killer.• Read. Reading is very important for people as they can develop their imagination and get more knowledge. Find an interesting book and you will definitely kill time with pleasure.• Play games. A lot of students like playing computer games; thus, if you have spare time, you can set a record in your favorite game.• Get some exercise. Exercising is not only a way to kill free time but also one of the best means stay healthy. Moreover, it helps you to lose some extra pounds and boosts endorphin production.

Sources of Finance - 972 Words

Sources of finance What are the main sources and finance for UK firms and why? All firms need some kind of financing. Access to finance may differ considerably from firm to firm depending on what type of business they are and how big/known they are; Sole Trader, Public Limited or Private Limited Company. There are both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL sources of finance. Finance can be short, medium or long term. Internal sources of Finance: 2 main types 1) Funds from the owner(s) and the family. These funds are normally savings and other money invested as capital. âÅ"“ Funds from the family can take the form of a loan provided at a low or nil rate of interest. This form of financing is quite cheap. âÅ"“ Also it can be very†¦show more content†¦Ã¢Å¾ ¢ Involves the putting down of security Limited Company Ordinary shares: are shares issued to the shareholders of a limited company. In return Shareholders receive regular dividend payments out of the profits of the company. Advantages: âÅ"“ Dividends on ordinary shares very according to the level or profits. If there are no profits, dividends don’t have to be paid. The cost of finance is therefore variable and will not be such a burden if profits are low. Disadvantages: âž ¢ If outside investors buy into the company, they will have an element of control which could prove disruptive for exiting management âž ¢ With most shares, finance is never paid off because there will always be a need to pay dividends. âž ¢ If the company foes ‘bust’; ordinary shareholders are the last people to get paid (disadvantage for shareholders) Limited company preference shares: are shares issued to the investors of a limited company. They receive dividends in preference to ordinary shareholders and often have a fixed percentage dividend. Advantages: âÅ"“ Preference dividends are fixed; makes budgeting easier âÅ"“ Shareholders unable to take part in the running of the business Disadvantages: âž ¢ preference dividends fixed so even if profits are low, they have to be paid Debenture stock:Show MoreRelatedsources of finance1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Sources of finance Some sources of finance are short term and must be paid back within a year. Other sources of finance are long term and can be paid back over many years. Internal sources of finance are funds found inside the business. For example, profits can be kept back to finance expansion. Alternatively the business can sell assets that are no longer really needed to free up cash. External sources of finance are found outside the business. For example from creditors or banks. InternalRead MoreSources of Finance1496 Words   |  6 PagesP3 Introduction For this task I will be considering the sources of finance I will need for my company. Why might a business require finance? A business may require finance because they can either: †¢ Be setting up a new business and they do not have enough money to start up. †¢ They may need new equipment to help make the business expand and make more profit. †¢ Or they may even want to replace old machinery. †¢ They may want to move there store to a better location that might benefit thereRead MoreSources of Finance1111 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In this essay we will be looking at different sources of finance available for different type of business. Also will be looking at the definitions of different type of sources of finance, the advantages, disadvantages and also giving reasons to why different sources of finance was chosen for the given case studies. Types of sources of finance Bank Loan – is a long term loan and will often be for large amount of money for starting up a business or to expanding. Business will agreeRead MoreSources of Finance1627 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 2: Business Resources Assignment 4:P4 Sources of Finance Internal Sources of finance Owners’ savings- the owner of a business often has to use their own personal savings to start a business, particularly if they are a sole trader. This is because banks may not be willing to take a risk and invest in them. Savings are a good source of finance for a business, as interest does not need to be paid to someone else while the money is being used, and the business remains totally in theRead Moresources of finance2021 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Question:   IDENTIFY THE SOURCES OF FINANCE AVAILABLE TO A BUSINESS Answer: There are a number of ways of raising finance for a business. The type of finance chosen depends on the nature of the business. Large organisations are able to use a wider variety of finance sources than are smaller ones. Finance is not just needed when starting a new business, but you may be required to seek further finance even if you’re business is well established i-e further expansion, RD, new product launchRead MoreSource of Finance3105 Words   |  13 Pages1. Identify and describe the various sources of finance 1.1 Internal source 1.2 External sources 2. Assess the implication of the difference sources of finance related to risk, legal, financial and dilution of control and bankruptcy 2.1 Issue debt 2.2 Issue equity 3. Select appropriate sources of finance and make recommendations on the best ways of raising finance TASK 2: Part 1: Assess and compare various costs involve with each source of finance to Vale filters Limited Part 2: PrepareRead MoreSources of Finance1934 Words   |  8 PagesSources of Finance The financing of every business is the most fundamental aspect of its management. Get the financing right and the company will have a healthy business, positive cash flows and ultimately a profitable enterprise. The financing can happen at any stage of a business s development. On commencement of your enterprise the business entity will need finance to start up and, later on, finance to expand. Finance sources may be internal or external but they may also be short, medium orRead MoreSources of Finance7811 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction - Sources of Finance Introduction to the Sources of Finance resource. Sources of Finance Introduction This resource is designed for use with Accounting courses at A level. This resource is relevant to the following: * AQA Module 5, Section 14.5: Types of Business Organisation, Sources of Finance * OCR Module 2505, Sections 5.3.2 and 5.6.2 For many businesses, the issue about where to get funds from for starting up, development and expansion can be crucial for the successRead MoreSources of Finance4664 Words   |  19 PagesSection 1 – Sources of Finance There are 4 main types of business ownership: †¢ Sole trader †¢ Partnership †¢ Private limited company (Ltd) †¢ Public limited company (Plc) Each of these types of business needs to raise finance for capital investment Sole Trader This is a business that is owned by one person. Sole Traders are responsible for raising all the finance to set up and run the business. Usually a sole trader would be for a small business/ (businesses with a flatRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Evaluating financial management in kingfisher airlines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1987 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Financial management can be defined by managing the finances of a business in order to achieve financial objectives. Taking a commercial business as the most common organizational structure the key objectives of financial management would be as follows:- Create wealth for the business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluating financial management in kingfisher airlines" essay for you Create order Generate cash and Provide an adequate return on investment bearing in mind the risks that the business is taking and the resources invested. There are three major elements to the process of financial management and they are:- Financial planning Financial control and Financial decision making FINANCIAL PLANNING: Management need to ensure that enough funding is available at the right time to meet the needs of the business. In the short term funding may be needed to invest in equipment and stocks pay employees and fund sales made on credit. FINANCIAL CONTROL: Financial control is a critically important activity to help the business ensure that the business is meeting its objectives financial control addresses question such as:- Are assets being used efficiently Are the businesses assets secure Does management act in the best interest of shareholders and in accordance with business rules FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING: The keys aspects of financial decision-making relate to investment, financing and dividends:- Investments must be financed in some way. However there are always financing alternatives that can be considered. If dividends are too high, the business may be starved of funding to reinvest in growing revenues and profit further. KINGFISHER AIRLINES: INTRODUCTION: Kingfisher airline is one of the seven airlines to be ranked as a five-star airline by the independent research consultancy firm. They operate more than three s daily flights to seventy one destinations, with regional and long-haul international services. In May 2009, they also carried more than a million passengers, giving it the highest market share among airlines in India. They also the sponsor of F1 racing outfit, which Vijay Malaya also owns. They also serve sixty three domestic destinations in eight countries across Asia and Europe. Their short haul routes are mostly domestic apart from some cities in south Asia, Southeast Asia and western Asia. All short haul routes are operated on the airbus A320 family aircraft ATR 42S and ATR 72S are used mainly on domestic regional routes. They have its medium, long haul destination in East Asia, South Asia and Europe. Its first long haul destination was London, United Kingdom. This was launched in September 2008. It has plans to launch new long haul flights to cities in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania with deliveries of new aircraft. All long haul routes are operated on the airbus 330-200. DEPT. FINANCING FOR A MEDIUM SIZED FOR BOTH THE SHORT -TERM AND LONG -TERM: SHORT -TERM FINANCING: This term financing referring to any investment, financial plan, or anything else lasting for one year or less. In this term investments and financial plans usually involve less uncertainly than long term investments and financial plan because generally speaking, markets trends are easily predictable for one year than for any longer period likewise, There plans are more easily amendable, as a result of the little time frame this term plans usually involve investing in short term securities, such as T-Bills or Commercial Paper. LONG-TERM FINANCING: This term is describing a table, tactic, precautions or anything else with a term of longer than one year; the exact number of year varies according to the usage. For example a long term financial plan outline investment and other financial goal for any time more than one fiscal year, while a long term bond has a maturity of 10 or more years. Anything long term involves more uncertainly than anything short-term because generally speaking, market trends are more easily predictable in the short-term. Thus, while planning for the long-term is necessary, ones plan must be flexible to account for its inherent uncertainly. EQUITY FINANCING: Equity financing is a term used for companys issuance of shares of common or preferred stock to raise money. It is also commonly done when its per share prices are high the most money that can be raised for the smallest number of shares. Equity financing also known as capital structure As we can see the equity financing or you can say capital structure of kingfisher airlines as shown in the chart. IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: The organization of the finances of a business/organization in order to achieve financial objectives. Taking a commercial business as the most common organizational structure the key objectives of financial management would be to as follows: Create wealth for the business. Generate cash, and Provide an adequate return on investment bearing in mind the risks that the business is taking and the resources invested. IMPORTANCE OF CREDIT CONTROL WITHIN A FINANCE DEPARTMENT: A strategy employed by manufacturers and retailers to promote good credit among the creditworthy and deny it to delinquent borrowers. This will both increases sales and decrease debts, thus improving a companys cash flow credits control is an important component in the overall profitability of many firms also known as credit management. Financial control is a critically important activity to help the business ensure that the business is meeting its objectives, financial control addresses question such as Are assets being used efficiently? Are the businesses assets secure? Does management act in the best interest of shareholders and in accordance with business rules? VARIABLE AND FIXED COSTS DURING ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS IN KINGFISHER AIRLINES: Buying the big jets: fleet planning for airline FLEET SIZE ECONOMICS: Fleet size economic alliance due to a major shift in their strategic direction. Although it was not the case, it could have been disasters if Aer-lingus had allowed their fleet strategy to be driven by their alliance partners only to find themselves compromised upon leaving the alliances. Airline undoubted reap revenue benefits due to alliance membership but true cost savings in big tickets items such as fleet acquisition may be out of reach for all but a handful of airlines. There will always be institutional obstacles, such as union issues and manufacturing pricing strategies, to airline reaping the fleet cost savings that might be apparent on paper. THE PROBLEM OF EXTERNAL FACTORS: Airline economics have always been affected by external factors, some of which are conditioned of the geographical area in which airlines operate and some of which just conspire to make difficult. The huge fuel price increases of the 2000s affected the entire industry and even those airlines able to hedge the majority of their fuel bill were simply postponing the moment when the higher fuel prices ate into profit margins. THE METHOD BEFORE INVESTING SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF MONEY IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT: There are three keys elements to the process of financial management:- 1. Financial planning 2. Financial control and 3. Financial decision making FINANCIAL PLANNING: Management need to ensure that enough funding is available at the right time to meet the needs of the business. In the short term funding may be needed to invest in equipment and stocks pay employees and fund sales made on credit. FINANCIAL CONTROL: Financial control is a critically important activity to help the business ensure that the business is meeting its objectives financial control addresses question such as:- Are assets being used efficiently? Are the businesses assets secure? Does management act in the best interest of shareholders and in accordance with business rules? FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING: The keys aspects of financial decision-making relate to investment, financing and dividends:- Investments must be financed in some way. However there are always financing alternatives that can be considered. For example it is possible to raise finance from selling new shares, borrowing from banks or taking credit from suppliers. If dividends are too high, the business may be starved of funding to reinvest in growing revenues and profit further. PAYBACK AND DIVIDEND RATIO FOR KINGFISHER AIRLINES: PAYBACK RATIO: The amount of time taken to break even on an investment. Since this method ignores the time value of money and cash flows after the payback period, it can provide only partial pictures of whether the investments are worthwhile. DIVIDEND RATIO: Five fundamentals reasons I am positive lying on dividends: Community income cover a lot rebound from their recessions level and are now approaching record levels short interest rates. Corporate cash on hand stands at an all time high payouts remain low, partially due to the speed of income improvement and the slower rate of dividend increase. Reporting rates, income dividends are very high. DIVIDEND AND PAYBACK RATIOS OF KINGFISHER AIRLINES: Dividend and payback ratios in RS.CR. JUNE 2007 MARCH 2008 MARCH 2009 MARCH 2010 Adjusted EPS -55.05 -18.64 -60.67 -48.5 Adjusted Cash EPS -51.81 -15.94 -54.22 -40.33 Reported EPS -30.97 -13.85 -60.5 -61.95 Reported Cash EPS -27.73 -11.16 -54.65 -53.78 Dividend Per Share 0 0 0 0 Operating Profit Per Share -19.37 -23.95 -20.8 -35.71 Net Operating Income Per Share 132.89 107.24 198.16 190.59 Free Reserves Per Share 15.46 2.68 -94.05 -167.98 Operating Margin -14.57 -22.32 -10.49 -18.75 Gross Profit Margin -15.55 -23.58 -13.02 -21.94 Net Profit Margin -22.92 -12.5 -27.43 -31.25 Adjusted Cash Margin -38.34 -14.38 -24.58 -20.34 Adjusted Return On Net Worth -209.52 -147.04 0 0 Reported Return On Net Worth -117.87 -109.29 0 0 Return On Long Term Funds -36.27 -36.52 -7.9 -23.99 Long Term Debt / Equity 0.98 3.54 0 0 Total Debt 2.38 4.95 0 0 Owners Funds 29.56 16.8 -63.14 -99.65 Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio 5.37 4.61 2.85 2.47 Current Ratio 2.33 1.71 1.09 1.34 Current Ratio (inc. st loans) 0.79 0.96 0.64 1.34 Quick ratio 2.2 0.87 0.52 0.57 Inventory Turnover Ratio 28.8 0 5,738.39 30.74 Dividend payout Ratio (net profit) 0 0 0 0 Dividend Payout ratio (cash profit) 0 0 0 0 Earning Retention Ratio 0 0 0 0 Cash Earning Retention Ratio 0 0 0 0 Adjusted Cash Flow Time Total Debt 0 0 0 0 Financial Charges Coverage Ratio -0.49 -0.63 0.02 -0.68 Financial Charges Coverage Ratio (post tax) 0.19 0.65 0.29 -0.3 Material Cost Component 2.55 3 0.97 0.8 Selling Cost component 0.99 5.83 12.97 0 Exports As Percent Of Total Sales 18.56 3.42 4.54 13.79 Import Comp. In Raw Materials Consumed 0 0 0 0 Long term Assets/Total Assets 0.01 0.03 -0.01 0 Bonus Component in Equity Capital (%) 20.14 20.09 10.26 10.26 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF KINGFISHER AIRLINES: profit and loss account in RS.CR. JUNE 2007 12 MONTHS MARCH 2008 9 MONTHS MARCH 2009 12 MONTHS MARCH 2010 12 MONTHS INCOME SALES TURNOVER 1,800.21 1,456.28 5,269.17 5,067.92 EXCISE DUTY 0 0 0 0 NET SALES 1,800.21 1,456.28 5,269.17 5,067.92 OTHER INCOME 342.1 113.62 598.9 -333.3 STOCK ADJUSTMENTS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL INCOME 2,142.31 1,569.00 5,868.07 4,734.62 Raw materials 45.94 43.79 51.19 40.89 Power and fuel costs 979.5 889.3 2,602.62 1,802.99 employee cost 247.72 244.96 825.42 689.38 Other manufacturing expenses 617.56 408.21 1,112.85 1,108.82 Selling and admin expenses 148.78 180.39 1,062.74 1,067.54 Miscellenous expenses 25.11 14.81 167.55 108.58 Preoperative exp capitalised 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL EXPENSES 2,062.61 1,781.46 5,822.37 4,818.20 JUNE 2007 MARCH 2008 MARCH 2009 MARCH 2010 12MONTHS 9 MONTHS 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS OPERATING PROFIT -262.4 -325.18 -553.2 249.72 PBDIT 79.7 -211.56 45.7 -83.58 Interest 466.05 434.44 2029.33 2,243.39 PBDT -386.35 -646 -1,983.63 -2,329.17 Depreciation 17.67 18.28 133.2 162.8 Other written off 26.25 18.31 38.39 54.49 Profit before tax -430.27 -682.59 -2,155.22 -2,546.46 Extra ordinary items 14.09 -0.97 0 31.28 PBT (post extra ord items) -416.18 -683.56 2,155.22 -2,515.18 Tax 3.4 -494.45 -546.38 -770.69 REPORTED NET PROFIT -419.58 -188.14 -1,608.83 1,647.22 Total value addition 2,016.67 1,737.67 5,771.17 4,777.31 Preference dividend 0 0 0 0 Equity dividend 0 0 0.00 0.00 Corporate dividend tax 0 0 0 0 PER SHARE DATA (ANNUALIZED) Shares in issue (lakhs) 1,354.70 1,357.99 2,659.09 2,659.09 Earnings per share (Rs) -30.79 -13.85 -60.5 -61.95 Equity dividend pert. 0 0 0 0 Book value Rs 28.4 13.9 -83.88 -150.54 CASH FLOW OF KINGFISHER AIRLINES: Cash flow statement for kingfisher airline in RS.CR. JUNE 2007 12 MONTHS MARCH 2008 9 MONTHS MARCH 2009 12 MONTHS MARCH 2010 12 MONTHS NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX -416.18 -682.59 -2155.21 -2417.92 Net cash from operating activities -552.58 -541.52 -645.78 -1665.09 Net cash from investing activities 119.48 13.82 206.63 235.13 Net cash from financing activities 993.68 -9.23 290.11 1964.55 Net decrease/Increase in cash and cash equivalents 560.57 -536.93 -149.04 34.6 Opening cash and cash equivalents 256.47 817.05 -320.91 171.87 Closing cash and cash equivalents 817.05 280.12 171.81 206.47 CONCLUSION: After doing a study of this project representing on Kingfisher Airlines, I have come to a conclusion that Kingfisher Airlines is one of the largest and most widespread airlines of the country providing its services not only in India as well as outside India also. It has alliance with many other airlines in this sector. Kingfisher Airlines offers world class services to the customer at a nominal rate. The airline uses the services of one of the advanced plans been operated in the world. To sum up I would like to say that Kingfisher Airlines is serving its customer in an appreciated way and going to be in the list of best services providers in coming years.

Ap in Cold Blood Free Essays

Rakshitha Mohankumar 11-16-12 AP English Language Period 3 Timed Writing: In Cold Blood Option C In part three of Capote’s In Cold Blood, the book gives a more clear understanding of how Perry and Dick came to know of the Clutters and earned their â€Å"score†. It has detailed excerpts from interviews with Floyd Wells, Dick’s friend from prison who is also the same person who tells him everything he needs to know about the Clutters, as well as, Mr and Mrs. Hickock, Dick’s parents who are worried for their son and concerned about his whereabouts. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap in Cold Blood or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author was able to create and portray a good amount of sympathy for Dick’s parents by making them appear poor and gentle as well as by how they speak about their son, and are willing to forgive him for his mistakes. In creating sympathy for the parents, the author also indirectly creates some sympathy for Dick by using certain quotes, by Mr. Hickock, that describe his life before he went into prison. There are many ways in which Truman Capote portrays sympathy for the Hickocks in this section. He uses interviews from the locals who live around where Dick’s family lives. When Officer Nye investigates the nearby folks, one farmer’s wife tells him,â€Å"Don’t talk to me about Dick Hickock! If ever I met the devil! [†¦ ] Dick would’ve gone to jail more times than you can count, except nobody around here ever wanted to prosecute out of respect for his folks. † Essentially, she is trying to say that although Dick gets into plenty of trouble, no one ever really says anything about it, out of kindness to his parents, who are â€Å"both plain and honest people. † Capote also uses certain phrases and quotes that stand out to the reader, which in turn evokes sympathy, from the interview with Dick’s parents themselves. He wanted to go on to college. Study to be an engineer . But we couldn’t do it. Plain didn’t have the money. Never have had any money. † The fact that they are not a rich and well-off family is made clear when Mr. Hickock says that he couldn’t afford to send his son to coll ege. This also is an indication of how Dick’s life would have turned out to be different than what it was currently, if he had gone to college. Both Dick’s parents never really blame their son for his faults. Rather, they blame it on someone or something else. â€Å"That friend of his. That’s what happened† is what Mrs. Hickock tells Officer Nye, implying that Perry is the one who was at fault for all the mishaps that Dick had been burdened with. They are typical parents, painting their son in perfect light, and thinking that in no way is he at fault, instead, only badly influenced. The author, by creating sympathy for the parents also creates sympathy for Dick and makes him seem more human. He uses a quote from Dick’s father â€Å"I’ve not got long, I’m with cancer, and Dick knowed that, and not a month ago, right before he took off, he told me, ‘Dad, you’ve been a pretty good old dad to me. I’m not ever gonna do nothing more to hurt you. ‘[†¦ ] That boy has plenty of good inside of him. † In the first two parts of the book, Dick is known to have cared for his family and this just elaborates on that fact. It humanizes Dick and makes him more compassionate. It shows that he is wary of how he has upset his parents and that he is not deliberately hurting them. The aforementioned quote also makes the reader sympathize for the father because it states that he has cancer and knows he is not going to live long. Adding in a disease or illness of sorts always has some sentimental effect on the reader and the author must have chosen this particular quote for that purpose. One last quote that stood out as a form of sympathy for Dick’s parents is â€Å"Ashamed and afraid. Of what he’s done. Of how he’s hurt us again. And afraid because he thinks we won’t forgive him. Like we always have. And always will. † This quote is from Mrs. Hickock and it signifies a parent’s, or more specifically, a mother’s love for her child. As Dick’s parents, they are always willing to forgive him no matter how many mistakes he has made or how badly he has hurt them. He is their son and it shows that, no matter what kind of a person he turned out to be, they have and always will love him and be there for him. This creates sympathy, more for Dick’s parents rather than Dick himself, because it signifies that they are good, loving, and caring parents who see past the faults and errors of their children. There are a few people who might say Dick is â€Å"undeserving† of such loving and kind-hearted people for parents. These are just a few outstanding ways in which Truman Capote portrayed sympathy for Mr and Mrs. Hickock. How to cite Ap in Cold Blood, Papers

Eating meat morally permissible free essay sample

It has been argued that meat has high sources of energy, minerals, and proteins in the human diet. It is rich in proteins which have shown to have a high energy unit as compared to other food types. Proponents of meat consumption support its consumption as it has a greater nutritional value and is good to the test buds. Apart from the nutritional reasons, it is also thought meat consumption maintains the ecosystem at equilibrium. If meat consumption was to stop, it is thought that animals like cattle, sheep, goats and poultry will multiply to levels that are ecological disastrous. As most of these animals are herbivorous, their uncontrolled increase would exert extreme pressure on vegetation. This may cause wanton destruction to vegetation that may destabilize the ecosystem. In as much as these arguments appear logical and plausible, they still do not give any moral permissibility of eating meat. Just like any reason in support of unacceptable practice, proponents of eating meat do not give any solid ethical justification why humans should continue killing animals to please their test buds. There is no moral justification whatsoever to rationalize the eating of meat. Meat is said to contain some very essential nutrients that may not be found in plants and vegetable. This is however no moral justification of killing animals to obtain meat yet there are more reliable sources of proteins and vitamins. It appears that human nature is feeding on animals mainly for gustatory pleasure. As there are vegetables and fruits that can adequately supply human beings with the required food nutrients, there is no justification whatsoever for man to continue killing animals as this inflicts pain to animals (Matheny 510). Killing animals also deprives them of their right to life. Most animals are slaughtered at relatively lower ages ending their lives prematurely. The only way mankind would justify eating meat could be for survival. However this may not be an appealing justification as there are plenty of substitutes. It is therefore immoral to continue killing animals for purposes of obtaining meat as if there were no other food alternatives. Animals like cats, horses and dogs are highly valued in most western societies as they provide company to man. It may not be logical to equate these animals to humans but it is fair to believe to believe that they too deserve fair treatment. Pets may not be any different from farm animals that are eventually slaughtered to provide meat. Most experiments with animals like dogs and mice show that these animals are teachable just like man. It is possible that in as much we do not understand so much about what the animals go through. Some pundits have even argued that animals have smaller brains and may not feel as much pain as humans. This is however immaterial as animals have a comprehensive nervous and sensory system that can feel pain. In fact killing animals should be equated to killing some helpless human person as they have similar perceived rationality. Meat consumption has been justified by the biblical declaration that man should have dominion over animals. It is wrong to believe that having dominion means wanton killing to obtain meat. If this is the bible interpretation of dominion, then all adulterous women would have been stoned to death within city centers as the bible instructs. It is also possible for some religious leaders to pick on the parts of their religious books that they like and give them interpretations that fit them. It is not possible that the bible instructs mankind to be slaughtering animals. Primitive man may have started feeding on meat early than historians predict. I might be easy to interpret what they thought of the animals they hunted and killed to obtain meat. Of great importance is that they handed and killed animals to obtain meat. It is logical to argue that even at that Precambrian epoch, other individuals may have realized that animals also underwent pain. With the development and sophistication of mankind, animal domestication began. Humans started appreciating the value of animals. Other animals became of great value to man depending on their utility. Man formed tight bonds with animals like cats, cows and dogs. Those that became too close to man escaped the knife as they were spared. In Europe especially England, the horse was highly regarded and was not slaughtered to provide meat. In India the cow become sacred probably for religious reasons. Early man had a way of respecting animals even if they were being slaughtered. Acts like Halal and Shechita were practiced to demonstrate dignity. It with this understanding of primitive man who started the practice of eating meat that should guide modernity to understand that eating meat is no longer serving its importance. Early man may have started feeding on meat due to food challenges then as agriculture was not as developed as it is today. Farm animals meant for meat are killed by being stunned with electricity and cutting the blood vessels in the neck region. Muslims and Jews slaughter animals without necessarily stunning them. Birds and horses can be killed using the bullet. Other methods could be snaring, hunting and trapping common in less developed parts of the world. While stunning, animals are allowed to bleed when still alive which could be purely a marketing strategy. Meat obtained in this manner is much more superior than meat obtained otherwise. Other animals can be killed by the captive bolt which penetrates the skull destroying the brain tissues. Stunning can also be done using electricity by some slaughter men. Large voltage electricity can be passed across the animals brain tissues. Meat consumers assume that the electricity does not cause any pain in animals prior to death. Most of these slaughter techniques have been shown to instill pain in animals before they die. There is overwhelming evidence that electricity stunning causes pain. Evidence has been drawn from human experience that experience pain when electricity is used to torture them. It has been shown that the large the current the more the pain. It is not very realistic to believe that electric stunning is humane as it has been shown to cause pain in human subjects. Slaughter men in charge of preparing meat for consumption may not really understand the physiological differences between the sensory motor system and the nervous system. It might also not be possible for animals to demonstrate the emotions and violence associated with pain typical in human beings. The belief that the electric chair employed in slaughtering animals is instantaneous and with no pain is absolutely incorrect. Assembly lines used to slaughter may necessitate scalding in water before stunning. It is therefore possible that animals may burn before becoming unconscious. Shechita and Halal are perhaps the greatest manifestation of the pain experienced by animals before being put on the plate to supply mankind with proteins. In these procedures, the animal’s neck is exposed before the jugular and carotid vessels being ripped off by a sharp knife. It is believed from some authorities that these are activities are even sanctioned by various holly books and their practice is therefore justified. It may be possible to give all sorts of explanation for practicing these cruel methods of killing animals, what is really had to dispute is the fact that the animals go through immense pain. Proponents of meat consumption can object to these argument of pain in animals and suggest that there could be more humane ways of slaughtering animals. It might however be possible to come up with any humane way of slaughtering animals as the end point is the premeditated death of animals which might not be a good destiny to the animals. The only realistic remedy is to stop the consumption of meat as it is extremely immoral for humans to subject animals to this kind of pain just because of meat. It may not be possible to exhaustively premise on why there is to morally justification of eating meat neither may it be possible for this text to conclusively give a scientific account of the negative impact of meat on the human body. What is however very apparent is that meat consumption has caused untold suffering to human kind by causing a myriad of health complications. The risk of heart related complications increase with an increase in meat consumption. Research has shown that meat consumers beyond the age of forty have a tenfold risk of being diagnosed with coronary thrombosis than their strict vegetarian counterparts. Heart attack is a direct function of high blood pressure and clogged arteries. Consumption of meat over a long period of time in one’s lifetime causes the buildup of cholesterol in blood vessels. The buildup of cholesterol eventually clogs blood vessels reducing the volumes of blood that can be pumped through the vessels. Cholesterol can be found in beef most meat varieties eaten by human beings. Meat consumption is thus unethical as it subjects human nature to diseases which could have been avoided if humans decided to stop consuming meat. What makes the practice even more irrational is that there is overwhelming scientific evidence that meat consumption reduces human longevity. Counter arguments against this premise that even strict vegetarians who consume high levels of unsaturated fats from foods like French fries also stand a risk of suffering from heart related problems. In as much as the argument can stand, it does not however justify why meat consumption should continue being practiced despite all the evidence pointing towards its dangers. Brain functioning seems to be affected by affected because of protracted meat consumption. Omega-6 is a protein commonly associated with red meat. It has been shown to have a negative impact on brain cells effectively impairing cognitive functioning. It has been suggested that just like cholesterol affects blood flow in the body, its accumulation in the brains may lead to impaired brain functions. The brain may not receive adequate blood supplies. Blood supllies the brain with oxygen and the nutrients required for proper brain functions. Anything that affects blood supply in the brains affects its functioning eventually affecting the way humans’ reason. Gracing land occupies about third of the world’s arable land. Feed crops cover almost a similar land mass meaning that land devoted to meat production occupy reasonable land areas that would have been directly engaged in other activities like crop production, forestry and even human settlement. Animal energy conversion ratios are extremely inefficient. It is irresponsible for humans to depend on animals to be their sources of food. High amounts of feeds are needed to maintain animals for them to produce meat for man. The vegetation being feed on by the animals would rather be left to be converted to fossil fuel which have high energy conversion efficiencies that animals. Jatropha grown for fuel production gives higher energy conversion rates than grass to feed on beef animals (Boadi, et al. , 320). The inefficient land use is happening against a backdrop of diminishing food production rates in globally (Weber, and Matthews, 3508). Developing parts of the world are experiencing incidences of hunger as the land asses cannot support adequate food production to meet the bourgeoning population. The immoral part of this is that developed countries have spared vast tracts of land for ranching and growing feeds. It is possible that if these tracts of land were being used for food production, there is a likely hood that global food problems can be addressed sufficiently. Advances in biotechnology were thought to be great means of tackling food shortages. They have however not been embraced in the developing countries that desperately require them or they might be too expensive to be adopted by the countries that require improvement in food production. It is not farfetched to predict that meat eating is one of the causes of food shortages in the world today as too much land that would have been used for producing cereals is being used to produce animal feeds. Ranching requires huge land areas. It is not surprising to see forests being cleared with the intention of setting up ranches. Ranching induced deforestation is causing the disappearance of some plant species. Anything touching forests directly affects the environment. Global warming is a direct result accumulation of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. Forests are one of the mitigating remedies to global warming. They act as carbon dioxide sinks that maintain their concentrations to a minimum. Meat consumption has a direct impact on the environment as it leads to deforestation that leads to global warming. It is not possible to justify therefore that there is any moral rationale of eating meat when all indications show that meat has all the destructive tendencies. An analysis on animal farming shows that animals emit green house gases in the environment. Though animals may be kept for other products like hides and eggs, most animals are kept to ultimately provide meat after being slaughtered. Anthropogenic emissions like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and methane are associated with animals. These gases impact negatively on the environment as they cause global warming. Sheep have been shown be the highest emitters of these gases. Meat consumption means that animals have to be raised. Over gracing has been reported in many parts of the world where animal rearing is extensive. Overgrazing causes all sorts of environmental degradation like soil erosion that have devastating impacts on human survival. Farming procedures devoted to food production will put in all systems meant to reduce soil erosion as opposed to activities like ranching and pastoralism geared towards meat production. Supporters of meat consumption however argue that most rangelands and pastoral lands are not suitable for crop farming. It si not however convincing to argue like this as most of this areas can be reclaimed for reasonable crop farming. It also does not make much sense to expose a piece of land to destructive farming practices irrespective of its suitability to crop farming. Eutrophication, water turbidity and increased water temperatures is a common environmental impact of animal rearing. Animal excrete finds its way in water bodies either intentionally or without human intent. Increased amounts of phosphates and nitrates have been shown because animal excreta in water bodies. Increased phosphates and nitrates promote certain species of bacteria to proliferate in the water bodies causing a decrease in the oxygen concentrations. Massive fish deaths have been reported because of reduced oxygen levels that occur as a result of eutrophication (Hecht 45). Proliferation of plant life in water bodies may also disrupt ordinary water activities like fishing and water transport. The water hyacinth that inhabits water bodies with high levels of nitrogen and phosphates is usually a menace to fishing and other water related activities like sports. The Mississippi river has suffered this brand due to pork effluent. The negative impacts of meat consumptions far much outstrip its purported benefits. It is unimaginable to come up with any moral justification to why meat consumption should be permitted. Works Cited

Walking Around By Pablo Neruda Essays - Pablo Neruda, Neruda

Walking Around By Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda gives us a good example of Vanguard Literature in his poem Walking Around. We can see the influence of surrealism in the poem because it does not rhyme at all, instead is an effort to express feelings and emotions in a free style. We can also see the existentialism idea as Neruda is bold and tells us everything that is in his mind. Neruda tells us what he thinks about society in general. In this poem we can see that Neruda is tired of technology, he says that he no longer desires to see elevators, or merchandise, or movie theaters. He is tired of all the new inventions humans have made. He is tired of seeing the same things over and over again wherever he goes. Same shoe shops, same stores, etc. In my opinion, he thinks that we have lost our individuality and that we all own the exact same artifacts and we all want to have whatever everyone else has. I also think that he's sorry that humans cannot appreciate the beauty of nature, and are polluting it with factories, buildings, and alike. Neruda grew up in the wilderness, and I think that he misses the wild landscapes and the fresh air he used to breath when he was a boy. The line that confused me was when he says that it would be "delicious to kill a nun." I thought that because of his experience of loosing a friend during war, he would be against any kind of violence. But, I then I thought that since existentialism consists of an active role of the will, and not the reason, Neruda was just being spontaneous. He probably was just trying to get out all that he felt, even if this meant going to the extremes. Neruda was probably disappointed of the new inventions, and the destruction of nature and man itself. This poem clearly shows that Neruda is tired of living in the world around him.

Deductive Essay on Tobacco essays

Deductive Essay on Tobacco essays Tobacco products kill more than 400,000 people in the United States a year. That is more than the number deaths from homicides, fires, AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, suicides, and illegal drugs put together. It is by far the number one cause of preventable death in the United States. Action should be taken to stop the use of this legal killer. Death is not the immediate consequence of choosing to use a tobacco product though; first you must go through the minor, disgusting, sometimes uncomfortable results that progress over years of smoking. Premature wrinkling of the skin, bad breath, clothing and hair stench, and yellowing of the nails and teeth are some of the common side effects that are not life threatening. Smokers not only put themselves at risk for disease and death, they also put at risk their family and others close to them. Infants and children are the most susceptible to disease from second hand smoke. Children are most vulnerable to disease if their mother had smoked during pregnancy or immediately after. When people smoke, it is very likely that they dont know exactly what they are inhaling. The active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine. When smoke is inhaled, nicotine is carried deep into the lungs where it is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and carried to the heart, brain, liver, and spleen. It is a fast acting drug that affects the central nervous system, containing both stimulant and depressant characteristics. Nicotine produces elevated blood pressure by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels. It also acts as an antidiuretic, the effect being fluid retention. Nicotine is as addictive as heroine or cocaine. The body becomes physically and psychologically dependent on it. Smokers may not know that when they indulge their habit, they are taking in, not only nicotine, but also tar and 4,000 other harmful chemicals. Any one of these elements alone is deadly. Among the chemi...

CORPORATE LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CORPORATE LAW - Essay Example The total value (including premium) of the new issue will be  £ 6500. The relevant legal position in this regard is as under: The directors of a limited company are able to settle terms of redemptions of shares only when they are empowered by the Articles of association of the company to do so. Otherwise the terms prescribed in the articles are to be followed. Accordingly the process of redemption to be followed by Mirza Plc will depend upon the terms either provided in its Articles of association or settled by the resolution of the board only when articles expressly empower directors to do so. The terms of redemption of shares must be laid down before the issuance of such redeemable shares. In other words Mirza Plc can redeem shares only at a premium when such term existed before issuance of its redeemable shares. Under no circumstances Mirza Plc can settle fresh terms of redemption of shares after issuance of such shares. That is why the law provides that the terms, conditions, and manners of redemption must be stated in the statement of capital required to be filed with registrar. As per provision of the Companies Act, 2006, Mirza Plc may redeem the shares out of undistributed profit. However,it may finance the redemption out of a fresh issue. It appears that Mirza Plc has decided to use both the options. As the required redemption amount is  £ 15000 (including premium) and new issue will fetch only  £ 6500 (including premium), it is clear that Mirza Plc will also be using accumulated profits to pay part of redemption liability. One of the conditions prescribed by the Companies Act, 2006 is that premium on redemption can be paid only when shares were originally issued at premium. Mirza Plc fulfils this condition as redeemable shares were issued at a premium of  £ 2500. The law requires that redemption must be made out of undistributed profits, but proceeds of fresh issue made for redemption can be

Technical analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Technical analysis - Assignment Example In positive markets, there exist more companies moving higher than those moving on the lower end. Both the top-down approach and the bottom-up approaches aim at the same goal of identifying great stocks on the market. In top-down, the investors aim at defining the big picture in which different companies are looked at with the potential that they have in future. In bottom-up, strategy applies the strategy to the broad sector and various economic conditions prevailing on the market. When the majority of stocks are falling, some indices may remain performing well on the market. The indices performing better may be as a result of their strong position on the market. These normally occur when the company has a strong market capitalization compared to the others. Stock indices measure the type of sections in the market and their performance. â€Å"The more shares that change hands, the more important the price move† indicates to the changes in prices based on the volumes of stocks traded on the market. Trade based on the volumes movements indicates the traders follow demand and supply. In cases of high volume movements, the demand is high and the prices increase affecting the price upwards in cases of low demand and a high volume supply, the prices move downwards. Money that provides the promise of an association with better returns to investors motivate them to invest is smart money. On the other hand, dumb money provides money that carries harm to the invertors’ money. Weeding out dumb money provides room for smart money investors. The NASDAQ graph below indicates a change in volume preceding a change in price. Winner stocks hold good values and a volatility that provides a controllable aspect to the prices. Winner stocks hold a value price volatility that allows for a good movement of the prices. Winner stocks too have a beta that easily reacts to the

The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown

The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown Thesis sentence: Jackson encourages her readers to question their beliefs, their actions, and the world by creating inner struggle with a barbaric act that is accepted by the townspeople in The Lottery, but Hawthorne takes a different approach by delving into the inner struggle of his character in Young Goodman Brown. In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses third person narration to describe how accepted events can lead to barbaric consequences when people do not stop to consider their actions. Nathanial Hawthorne also uses third person narration in Young Goodman Brown, but he does so in a very different way. The essential difference between the ways that these two stories work is that Jackson attempts to produce a reaction inside the reader while Hawthorne attempts to explain inner conflict by delving into his characters thoughts. Both authors use their stories to encourage readers to question their beliefs, their actions, and the world around them, but they achieve this goal with differing techniques. Jackson never overtly states that the townspeople in her story are nervous about the approaching lottery. Instead she uses subtle hints that slowly create a sense of apprehension in the reader. In the third paragraph of The Lottery Jackson describes men as they gather in the town square. The children have already begun stacking stones. The men are talking about everyday matters such as planting and rain, tractors and taxes, but Jackson writes that the men stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed (par. 2). This short passage shows that something about this day is different than the typical town meetings. Jackson, however, has not revealed the reason that the people are nervous. Jackson continues this game with the reader by increasing the fear when the lottery finally chooses the Hutchinsons and Tessie begins to physically express concern for her life. The only thought that the reader gets about the lott ery, though, is Tessies scream that it isnt fair, it isnt right (par. 80). This moment only occurs at the end of the story as the townspeople prepare to kill hers. Hawthorne takes a less subtle approach to describing the nervousness of Goodman Brown. As Goodman Brown makes his way through the woods, he wonders what if the devil himself should be at my very elbow! (par. 9). This is a rather unambiguous expression of fear. After meeting his traveling companion, Brown even begins to talk about his inner struggle by mentioning how their quest conflicts with his scrupples. As they continue walking, they continue their conversation. Goodman reveals his doubts about the initiation that he approaches, but continues on his way at the bequest of his companion, who explains that even the goodliest people in his town have done the same. These two stories describe fear in very different ways, so it is fitting that they also use different methods to question morality. Goodman Browns moral questions are laid before the reader during his conversation with the companion. At times he feels heartened by learning that other people in the community have performed the same rites. At other times, though, he questions whether this can be so. These questions approach the very nature of human beings. In this way, Hawthorne is somewhat more ambiguous than he is in his descriptions of fear. After all, he follows Browns thought process as it bounces back and forth. Still, his approach to the question of morality is far less ambiguous than Jacksons. By the end of the story, Hawthorne writes that it was a dream of evil omen for young Goodman Brown (par. 73). This statement comes directly from the narrator. Had a character said as much, then there would be some ambiguity about the moral position of the story. Since it is written by a n arrator who has remained reliable throughout the story, the reader can only accept it as truth within the context of the story. Jackson, however, uses a different approach to questioning the morality of the townspeople. She creates tension throughout the story that culminates with Tessies scream that it isnt fair, it isnt right, but the writer never comes forward with a solid endorsement of Tessies feelings. The reader has the impression that these barbaric events are certainly unfair to Tessie, but that the other people might have a different opinion. After all, what are they to do? They must choose a random sacrifice to ensure the health of their crops. Questioning the morality of this event is similar to a modern person questioning the morality of socioeconomic classes. In some respects, they feel immoral because they randomly put certain people into unfortunate circumstances. On the other hand, what is a person to do? It is simply the way that the world works. Morality and fairness are beside the point in this context. If a moral certitude exits, it does so in the reader, not the story. The Lottery provides an inner struggle within the reader with its shocking ending and question of fairness. Young Goodman Brown, however, provides a more involved, direct line of thinking about morality by describing the inner struggle of Goodman Brown. The effect is completely different: Hawthorne essentially tells his readers what is and is not moral while Jackson creates an event that asks the reader to question his or her own sense of morality. For Hawthorne, a moral certitude exists that he can share with readers through the struggles of his title character. Jackson does not approach morality in this way, though, because her story does not have a concrete moral lesson to teach. Instead, it asks the reader to question beliefs, the morality of actions, and the way that the world functions without providing a definite answer. This ambiguity presents a more accurate perspective of the way that todays world works. Even though Jackson chooses to set her story in a town that feels torn from modernity, it none-the-less approaches group and individual morals from a post-modern perspective that lacks definite answers.

How to Read Literature Like a Professor Chapter Analysis Essay

Chapter 1: Every Trip Is a Quest (Except When It’s Not) In Chapter 1 the author explains the symbolic reasoning of why a character takes a trip. They don’t just take a trip they take a quest. Structurally a quest has a quester, a place to go, a stated reason to go there, challenges and trials en route, and a reason to go there. Quests usually involve characters such as a knight, a dangerous road, a Holy Grail, a dragon, an evil knight, and a princess. The quest also involves the character to gain self-knowledge out of taking the adventure to the stated place where he or she is going. Chapter 2: Nice to Eat with You: Acts of Communion Chapter 2 tells of the symbolism that takes place while characters are eating a meal together. The author states that when people eat together it is saying â€Å"I’m with you, I like you, we form a community together.† The meal also shows how a person feels towards another person. It can show whether you like or dislike the person. The author explains how the description of the food isn’t just to inform you of what is being eaten. It is to draw you into the moment and help you feel the realism of that moment. Chapter 3: Nice to Eat You: Acts of Vampires In Chapter 3 the author explains in Chapter three how vampirism isn’t always about vampires. Vampirism is a characteristic a character can portray, such as selfishness, exploitation, and rudeness. The character takes advantage of people, like a vampire would to his prey. Many authors actually use vampires, ghosts, or doppelgangers to portray vampiristic qualities instead of letting the reader infer those qualities into a human. Chapter 4: If It’s Square, It’s A Sonnet Chapter 4 tells about how sonnets are formed and how to identify a sonnet. Sonnets are in a square shape and they always have 14 lines in them. The author says that sonnets may be challenging to understand, but they are the most interesting poems because they are able to say what they have to say in only 14 lines and 10 syllables. Chapter 5: Now, Where Have I Seen Her Before? In chapter 5 the author explains how stories overlap in a way. Book are never totally original. They all use similar characters with similar personalities. Authors use other authors to influence their style of writing and what they write about. Chapter 6: When In Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare . . . Chapter 6 is all about William Shakespeare. The author believes that almost all stories written were somehow influenced by a play or sonnet or some sort of Shakespeare’s works. Some of even the most famous stories ever written were somehow connected to a piece by William Shakespeare. Chapter 7: . . . Or the Bible Chapter 7 is similar to the chapter that refers to Shakespeare. It states how every piece of literature is somehow related to or referring to the Bible. They all involve things such as temptation, betrayal, denial, etc. Also, writers refer to the Bible because almost everybody knows at least some of the stories from the Bible. Chapter 8: Hanseldee and Greteldum In chapter 8 the author explains how many stories are connected to fairy tales, like a parallel. Fairy tales are easy to connect to because they all have a plot and solution, so there is always a way to connect a story to the fairy tales. Chapter 9: It’s Greek to Me Chapter 9 is about myths and how they are related to Greek mythology. There are three types of myth: Shakespearean, Biblical, and fairy tales. There are many things connected to Greece. Many things are named and based off of Greek characters. Mascots, towns, and some people are even named after some of the greates heros of Greek times. Chapter 10: It’s More Than Just Rain or Snow Chapter 10 is about the symbolism of weather. The author talks of the uses of weather such as rain, wind, snow, etc. The uses are plot device, atmospherics, democratic element, cleansing, and restorative. The weather is a very critical detail in setting the scene for stories. Chapter 11: More Than It’s Gonna Hurt You: Concerning Violence Chapter 11 is about the significant meaning of violence. There are two categories of violence in literature: the specific injury and the narrative violence. Specific injury causes characters to visit on one another or on themselves. Narrative violence cause the characters to cause harm in general. Chapter 12: Is That a Symbol? Chapter 12 is about symbolism. The author says that not everybody will think a symbol will mean the same thing and it won’t. The symbol is whatever you think it means. Some writers make their symbols direct, but most let you use your own imagination. Chapter 13: It’s All Political Chapter 13 was about how most writing is political. It was about how writers secretly put their political point of views into their stories. Usually political writing is boring and vague. Some writing is more political than others, but nearly all writing is political on some level. Chapter 14: Yes, She’s a Christ Figure, Too Chapter 14 is about how almost everything, in some form, is a Christ figure. The chapter gives a list to relate characters to. The list is 1. crucified, wounds in the hands, feet, side, and head 2. in agony 3. self-sacrificing 4. good with children 5.good with loaves, fishes, water, wine 6. thirty-three years of age when last seen 7. employed as a carpenter 8. known to use humble modes of transportation, feet or donkeys preferred 9. believed to have walked on water 10. often portrayed with arms outstretched 11. known to have spent time alone in the wilderness 12. believed to have had a confrontation with the devil, possibly tempted 13. last seen in the company of thieves 14. creator of many aphorisms and parables 15. buried, but arose on the third day 16. had disciples, twelve at first, although not all equally devoted 17. very forgiving 18. came to redeem an unworthy world. Chapter 15: Flights of Fancy Chapter 15 is all about the symbolism of flying. Flying is freedom. That’s what it symbolizes. Usually stories are fiction when you see a character flying, but when you do the person is either a superhero, ski jumper, crazy, a circus act, suspended on wires, an angel, or heavily symbolic. Chapter 16: It’s All About Sex . . . It’s All About Sex, or Chapter 16, is about the symbollic meaning of sex in a story or movie. The author says that usually sex isn’t even about the sex or things that have nothing to do with sex are usually about sex. Chapter 17: . . . Except Sex Chapter 17 is about how sex is never actually used in literature. Authors always describe the scene before and the scene after but never the inbetween. There is really only one way of writing about sex, of course the characters can do different things but in the end it’s still the same thing. that’s why it’s ok to just leave the actual physical part out of the book and only describe the before and after. Chapter 18: If She Comes Up, It’s Baptism Chapter 18 is all about the significance of water. When a character goes under water and comes back up, it usually means that the character was renewed or reborn. Then after that the character will be a whole new being. Sometimes the character goes under and doesn’t come back up, but the only significance this has is that the character dies. Chapter 19: Geography Matters . . . Chapter 19 is about the geography. The geography symbolizes the mood of the characters. Such as if a character is on the beach they are usually relaxed and calm. Hills can symbolize journeys or difficult tasks that the character has to overcome. Chapter 20: . . . So Does Season Chapter 20 is about the effect seasons have. Most teenage movies are set in the summer because that is supposedly the prime of their lives. Winter signifies age and the characters are usually moody or gloomy. When it is fall the characters are probably changing is some ways. Spring the character is probably renewed in some way. Chapter 21: Marked for Greatness Chapter 21 is about how defaults in a character mean more than just some sort of handicap. Everything has a meaning. Take for instance the scar on Harry Potter’s head. It has a story of its own. It reminds him of his parents and what happened to them. Chapter 22: He’s Blind for a Reason, You Know Chapter 22 is about the symbolic meanings of blindness. Not all the time in stories is the person who is literally blind actually the blind one. Blind people can be the people who have sight but are greedy and selfish. Chapter 23: It’s Never Just Heart Disease . . . Chapter 23 tells about how when an author mentions heart disease in a story, it’s never just heart disease. Since the heart represents practically all emotion, when the heart has troubles it could be interpreted as lonliness or pain. Usually the characters with heart disease are never happy with life. Chapter 24: . . . And Rarely Just Illness In chapter 24 the author suggests the use of illnesses. He states that when writing a story, you can’t just use any illness off the top of your mind. The illness must be picturesque, meaning that the illness should affect the physical appearance of the character. Also the illness should have strong symbolic or metaphorical possibilities. Chapter 25: Don’t Read with Your Eyes Chapter 25 is called â€Å"Don’t Read With Your Eyes.† The chapter is basically a restatement of previous chapters, just repeating that readers need to think of the story in a different perspective and that they should see the author or maybe the characters point of view. Chapter 26: Is He Serious? And Other Ironies In chapter 26 the author states that even though we went through the entire book learning about all of these new symbolic meanings in literature, sometimes irony will come and mess things all up. He says something that helps me remember: â€Å"irony trumps everything.† Even though we spent hours reading about all of the symbolic and metaphorical possibilities in stories, there only has to be one, tiny ironic thing that could come along at the end of the story and completely wipe out all of the symbols and metaphor we just read.

Compare and Contrast Poems

The Underlying Truth about War War—sometimes portrayed frivolously—may be more that the human expects it to be. It is filled with gruesome and intolerable scenes that may not even be appropriate to discuss. Wilson Owen, in transforming the mainstream ideas, branches out and discusses the horrific side of war that people would not expect. In â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"dulce et decorum est,† Wilson Owen strategically manipulates diction to illustrate the theme of the reality of war, and in doing this, sheds a light on the dreadful impact that war has. Wilson utilizes strong connotations of words in both of his poems. In â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† the title says a lot about its content. The title itself has significant use of assonance. The expression is intended to be drawn out, and set a depressing mood which parallels to the subject of war itself. The title also indicates that this is a national thing, everyone is a part of it: â€Å"Anthem†. The word signifies a national anthem, where everybody joins in and takes pride from it. The poem does not parallel that the soldiers took pride to fight in the war. The word anthem connotates a sacred song or song of praise; which alludes to church where anthems are sometimes heard, and where funerals take place. This then shows that the poem in itself is an anthem as well. Wilson then goes on to further question the â€Å"passing-bells for these who die as cattle† (1). The use of the word cattle suggests a mass amount or a collection of people in a group. It also implies that the men in the war were treated like cattle, basically dehumanizing them as people. â€Å"Dulce et decorum est† also has words with connotative meanings. The repetition of blood implies the dangers that are on the battlefield. Owen writes, â€Å"†¦blood shot† / â€Å"the blood came gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† (6, 21-22). The blood paints a gruesome picture of life in the war. The first four words of the second stanza, â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ are disjointed, fractured and monosyllabic (9). This connotes a feeling of panic and terror. The use of such verbs like â€Å"flound’ring† adds a sense of helplessness and inability. Owen is trying to illustrate the simple truth to the audience; war does not make men, it breaks them. The strong connotation of words lends way for imagery to unfold. In â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† Wilfred Owen tells that â€Å"only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle can patter out their hasty orisons† (3-4). The poet starts to reveal the realism of war through alliteration. As readers, one can visualize the sounds of the rifles as clearly as Owen intended us to. The rifles emphasize that the opposing troops did not take pity on the individuals they are trying to kill. In â€Å"dulce et decorum est,† Owen uses imagery by writing, â€Å"His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin;† (line 20). In this part of the poem, Owen talks about his â€Å"fallen† friend. Here, we see how graphic his friend looked, thus confirming the fact of the gruesome nature of war. Sickening language is used to invoke the shocking image of a man literally drowning in his own blood as the blood came â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† (22). This grotesque language is used to express the distasteful nature of the war. In his two poems, Owen highlights the fact that war is not all that it is chalked up to be. He does this by using strong connotative language which in turn reveals the imagery to the readers. In doing this, he wants the readers to get even a bird’s eye view of what he had to deal with every day. Certain phrases that the poet uses reflect Owen’s own disgust of the war. It show the anger that he has about how the press illustrates the war to mislead people. The descriptions that he gives shows the darkness of war that he bore witness to; therefore recreating the images and showing the destruction of purity through war.

Capital Punishment is Costly - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1996 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/11 Category Law Essay Level High school Topics: Capital Punishment Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Martin Luther King Jr. once stated, â€Å"The old law of an eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind.† In this quote, he is referring to the ancient Babylonian law, the Code of Hammurabi. Hammurabi’s code justified the death penalty by reasoning that if somebody kills another, then they should be killed for their actions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Capital Punishment is Costly" essay for you Create order Hammurabi’s Code was the first death penalty law established, and it dates back to the 18th century B.C. The death penalty is still in place today and is a barbaric, severe, and irreversible punishment. The death penalty should be abolished because it does not deter future murderers, there is no crime that justifies taking a life, and it is applied unfairly. To begin, the question of whether capital punishment, in the manner it is being imposed now, deters criminals from committing murder anymore than sentencing them to life without parole. While most criminologists, an overwhelming 84%, agree that the death penalty does not deter crime, it is very difficult to determine if it does or not, statistically (â€Å"Arguments for and Against the Death Penalty†). Proving the death penalty as a deterrent has been a burden on opponents of the death penalty since the debate began. Studies such as those conducted by Isaac Ehrlich determined a clear relationship between the death penalty and deterrence of crime. In Ehrlich’s studies, he found that for every execution, seven lives were spared. Studies like these have been imitated and followed up, but have been widely discredited. The National Research Council of the National Academies Deterrence Report claim that studies on deterrence are flawed in three ways. Firstly, studies do not factor in the deterrence of noncapital punishments on the population (â€Å"DETERRENCE: National Research Council Concludes Deterrence Studies Should Not Influence Death Penalty Policy.† ). Secondly, they do not properly calculate in the perception of potential murders’ to the use of capital punishment. Lastly, these studies are invalid because they use estimates and assumptions that are not credible. The Wilson Quarterly states that there are not enough executions to base a study off of and the murder rate varies dramatically from year to year, which makes it even harder to statistically conclude the validness of deterrence in the argument for capital punishment (Does the Death Penalty Deter?). While it is statistically very difficult to conclude whether or not capital punishment serves as a deterrent against future crime, there is more â€Å"obvious† evidence that it does not. In the United States, 30 states still practice the death penalty. Comparatively, the states who do not practice capital punishment generally have lower murder rates than those who do. In 2016, the average murder rate for states that employ capital punishment was 5.4, but the average for those who do not was only 3.9 (â€Å"Murder Rates Nationally and By State.†). It is also evident nationally that capital punishment does not serve as a deterrent. Canada abolished capital punishment in 1976, and since then the murder rate has decreased by 25% (Lamperti, John). The American Civil Liberties Union also states that police chiefs, when asked, rank the death penalty as the least effective way to reduce violent crime (â€Å"The Case Against the Death Penalty†). Capital punishment is costly. It costs taxpayers money. The death penalty has cost California $4 billion dollars since 1978. Of that, $1.94 billion of the $4 billion went to pre-trial and trial costs alone (â€Å"Costs of the Death Penalty†). According to Safe California.org, abolishing capital punishment would save taxpayers $150 million each year (â€Å"How Much Does Californias Death Penalty Cost?†) In summation, it is mostly inconclusive as to whether or not capital punishment actually deters crime, but a majority of elite criminologists agree that it does not. Most evidence refutes that capital punishment has no real effect on the murder rate, and because of its costly natures and the unethical nature of the practice, deterrence of murder is not a valid justification for capital punishment. Secondly, it is argued that a just society must take the life of someone who takes another. Those who support capital punishment argue that when a person kills another they upset a balance, and this is how they justify allowing state sanctioned murder. This is the idea of retribution, and is essentially the same as vengeance. It is argued that this vengeance provides closure to families and closure to the murderer’s crime. However, retribution does not justify taking one’s life in response to taking another. Retribution is rooted in the doctrines of Hammurabi’s code. These doctrines such as â€Å"an eye for an eye† should not be applied to the modern judicial system. These are not ideals of a progressive society because vengeance is a purely instinctual and emotional response. Punishing a person completely out of emotion is not appropriate, particularly with the risks involved. Also, justifying capital punishment by arguing that it provides more closure for families is invalid. As stated by B. Jones, the prolonged legal process associated with capital cases makes capital punishment less closing for victims’ families. In most cases, life without parole provides just as much closure without condoning violence and it avoids the risks of wrongly executing a defendant. In summation, retribution does not justify capital punishment. It is not progressive, nor does capital punishment necessarily provide more closure to victims’ families than what life without parole would. It is obvious that life without parole would satisfy the innate need to accomplish retribution by taking the defendant’s rights away for life, but it does so in a more suitable manner for modern society with the consideration of ethical treatment of humans. Lastly, the death penalty should be abolished because it is applied unfairly. Some argue that because every case is unique, then it is applied fairly. Those who support the death penalty acknowledge that discretion is a significant idea within our justice system, but they fail to recognize the racial biases that occur, the biases created when choosing a jury for capital cases, and the geographical disparities that occur. Those who support the death penalty believe that justice must be achieved for whoever, despite their race, where they live, and the jury who decides their fate. Supporting the death penalty means wanting justice for all, even if punishments are not applied proportionally to everyone. Despite, the death penalty is arbitrarily dulled out. Justice should be achieved for all, but it should be achieved proportionally. A defendant’s race, town, or lawyer should not determine if they live or die. This should not be an issue at all. Taking one’s life in order to achieve justice, and not considering if that person is executed fairly is immoral. There are biases that are created within the jury of capital cases. Courts can eliminate certain jurors if they are not willing to sentence someone to death. This is called the death qualification process, and does not occur in normal juries. Jurors are questioned extensively on their views regarding capital punishment, and often asked to consider the different sentencing options. If they believe that a person can be executed for certain crimes, that juror becomes death qualified. The judge can also eliminate jurors if they believe that one’s views may affect their ability to properly choose the punishment f or capital cases. When a judge eliminates a juror, this is called a â€Å"for cause dismissal.† A judge can eliminate an unlimited number of potential jurors under this. The jurors who are not dismissed by the judge, can be dismissed by the lawyers for no reason at all. This is a peremptory dismissal, and it is obvious how this could cause a jury to be very biased. Lawyers have a limited number of peremptory dismissals, and are not allowed to dismiss anyone solely on the basis of their gender, race, or religious beliefs. These eliminations cause juries for capital cases to not be an accurate representation of the general population. White male conservatives are more likely to be in favor of capital punishment, and are more common on capital case juries. The death qualification process eliminates about 15% of whites and 25% of blacks (â€Å"Death Qualification†). Capital case juries are also more biased to a guilty prosecution of 2 reasons. One, it selects jurors who are more conviction prone. Secondly, the death qualification process suggests jurors that the defendant is guilty because punishment is so heavily discussed before the case is heard. In summation, death qualification makes juries more conviction prone because of the people it selects and the process itself makes jurors more likely to convict a defendant. Capital cases are also subject to being heavily racially biased. Capital punishment is used disproportionately against blacks, and seems to place more value in white lives. The American Bar Association states that â€Å"race is more likely to affect death sentencing than smoking affects the likelihood of dying from heart disease.† Marc Macdougall and Karen Williams from the American University Law Review also claim that black defendants are more likely to be sentenced to capital punishment than white defendants. They state that 26 of 61 of the inmates sentenced to the death penalty by the federal courts are black and 41% of inmates sentenced to the death penalty by the states are black. Mark MacDougall Karen Williams from the American University Law Review also state that defendants whose victims were white are more likely to receive the death penalty than those whose victims were of color. Baldus data reveals that the death penalty was sought in 70% of cases with black defen dants and white victims, but was the death penalty was sought only 19% of the time in cases involving white defendants and black victims (MacDougall, Mark J., and Karen D. Williams). It is truly heartbreaking to find that race plays such a large role in who receives the death penalty. Conclusion Also, according to Iuliano, J from the American University Law Review, geographical disparities sway death sentencing significantly . Discretion plays a large part in the justice system. Despite, similar crimes should be punished in the same manner. Cases qualifying for the death penalty are subject to review by elected officials who do not undergo any procedure review. These elected officials are allowed to dull out the death penalty to qualifying cases, at their discretion. This means that if the official in one county or state supports the death penalty, the death penalty may be given out more frequently. Vice versa applies, officials in another county or state who oppose the death penalty are less likely to sentence sentence someone to the death penalty. This means that if a similar crime is committed in 2 different areas, one defendant may be sentenced to death and the other to life without parole. In summation, life without parole is a better alternative to capital punishment. Capital punishment should be abolished entirely and such a barbaric punishment has no place in the modern justice system. Life without parole is a less permanent punishment option that does not include the risks of executing an innocent person. It also provides just as much closure to victims’ families because it does not require as lengthy of a prosecution process as capital cases do. Life without parole is also a much cheaper sentencing option, and is also not subject to the biases and disparities that capital cases are. If capital punishment was abolished, punishments would be uniform and would not differ from area to area. Defendants would also not have to rely on biased juries to decide the fate of their lives. It is never right to take another person’s life, no matter the circumstances. The state should not have the power to decide who lives and dies, especially when they do it in such arbitrary ways. Society as a whole should be weary of the laws put in place, and also be educated on their rights. At first glance, capital punishment is easily justified, but when looked at closely, it is obvious of how wrong it is. Forming personal opinions on controversial topics by educating yourself is crucial.